PREPOSITION IN, ON, AT

PREPOSITION IN, ON, AT

is there any that are still confused with in, on, at ..?
confused because they do not know how to use it ..?
often confused ..?
for those who can,
if you use it right ..?
sure ..?
if you are not sure..
do not worry, here we will study it together ..
come on guys..
check it out..!!hee




What are place prepositions?

      Place prepositions , are prepositions that are used to describe the place or position of all types of nouns. It is common for the preposition to be placed before the noun. When we refer to Place prepositions we usually refer to "in", "at" and "on".

In - Is usually used to state that someone or something is in a (the boundaries can be physical or virtual place.

On - Is usually used to state someone or something is on top of a surface.

At - Is usually used to state something or someone is at a specific place.

How to use a prepositions?

1. The prepositions usually comes before the noun.

2. Prepositions can be used with all forms of nouns (e.g. collective nouns, pronouns etc).

3. Prepositions can't come after a verb, but can be used before a gerund or verb in noun form.

4. The rules above do not change and there are no exceptions to the rules.

We use :

* at for a PRECISE TIME
* in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
* on for DAYS and DATES

     Prepositions of place are used to clarify a specific place. Place prepositions are used with all nouns. The preposition usually comes before the noun or the pronoun. The preposition never comes before a verb.

Common Place Prepositions:

aboard - She is aboard the boat.

above - The picture is above the sofa.

across - My house is across the street.

against - The desk is against the wall.

around - My house is around the block.

at - Is your house at the end of the street.



Time prepositions are used to define time. Prepositions usually come before a noun or pronoun. Prepositions never come after a verb.

* after - I will be there after work.
* around - We will be there around 3 PM
* before - I will be there before I go to school.
* between - I will be there


Use 'in' with spaces:

* in a room / in a building
* in a garden / in a park

Use 'in' with bodies of water:
* in the water
* in the sea
* in a river

Use 'in' with lines:

* in a row / in a line
* in a queue


Use 'at' with places:

* at the bus-stop
* at the door
* at the cinema
* at the end of the street

Use 'at' with places on a page:

* at the top of the page
* at the bottom of the page

Use 'at' in groups of people:
* at the back of the class
* at the front of the class


Use 'on' with surfaces:

* on the ceiling / on the wall / on the floor
* on the table

Use 'on' with small islands:

* I stayed on Maui.

Use 'on' with directions:

* on the left
* on the right
* straight on

IMPORTANT NOTES

In / at / on the corner

We say 'in the corner of a room', but 'at the corner (or 'on the corner') of a street'

In / at / on the front

* We say 'in the front / in the back' of a car
* We say 'at the front / at the back' of buildings / groups of people
* We say 'on the front / on the back' of a piece of paper

By : Agra

Vocabulary Around The House

Vocabulary Around The House

     attic

• basement
• bathroom
• bathtub
• bed
• bedroom
• blanket
• book shelf
• ceiling
• chair
• chest of drawers

• closet
• coffee table
• couch
• cupboard
• desk
• door
• dryer
• entrance
• floor
• furniture
• garden

• hallway
• house
• kitchen
• living room
• microwave
• mirror
• oven
• pillow
• radio
• refrigerator
• rocking chair

• room
• sink
• stove
• table
• television
• toilet
• vacuum cleaner
• wall
• washer
• window

Other Rooms
Attic People : store things in the attic.

Ballroom   :A room in stately homes where rich people dance and concerts are held.

Box Room A small room : used for storage. Cellar Underneath the house.

Cloakroom  : A small room where people put their coats.

Conservatory  : A greenhouse attached to a house for the display of plants.

Dining Room :  A room where people eat.

Drawing Room :  A room in stately homes where rich people entertain.

Games Room : A room in large houses where games are played.

Hall :  The entrance passage to a house.

Larder :  A small room used for the storage of food.

Library :  A room where books are kept.

Lounge  : Another name for living room.

Music Room : A room where people play music.

Office :  A room where people work.

Pantry :  A small room used to store kitchen and dining items.

Parlor : Old fashioned word for living room.

Sitting Room  :Another name for living room.

Spare Room

Guest Room :  A room where guests sleep.

Toilet  : A room where people go to the toilet (often known as WC)

Utility Room :  A room where appliances such as washing machines are used. Things you may                 find around the house

Passive Voice

Passive Voice

      In the passive sentence, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb.
Only transitive verbs are used in the passive. Intransitive verbs such as happen, sleep, come and seem cannot be used in the passive.

When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:
• the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
• the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Agent
     In a passive clause, we usually use a phrase beginning with by if we want to mention the agent - the person or thing that does the action, or that causes what happens.
If you want to change an active sentence which has two objects into its passive forms, there are two ways:
1. Make its indirect object into the subject of the passive sentence.
2. Make its direct object into the subject of the passive sentence.

Pattern: be + past participle
Example:
- The boy are listening to a story.
The story was being told by grandfather.

- Snow white eats a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple is eaten by snow white

- Snow white is eating a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple is being eaten by snow white

- Snow white has eaten a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple has been eaten by snow white

- Snow white ate a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple was eaten by snow white

- Snow white was eating a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple was being eaten by snow white

- Snow white had eaten a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple had been eaten by snow white

- Snow white will eat a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple will be eaten by snow white

- Snow white is going to eat a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple is going to be eaten by snow white

- Snow white will have eaten a poisonous apple
A poisonous apple will have been eaten by snow white

By : Tia Utami

Asking if Someone Remembers or Not

1.  Formal expressions:

            - I wonder if you remember.....
            - You remember...., don’t you?
            - You haven’t forgotten...., have you?
            - Don’t you remember.....?
            - Do you happen to remember it now?

•   Ways to respond:

          - Let me think, yes, I remember.
          - I remember especially the scenery.
          - I’ll never forget that
          - I’ll always remember.
          - I can remember it clearly.

     2.   Informal expressions:
           - Remember the old house we used to live in?
           - Remember that?
           - I’m sorry I don’t remember

•  Ways to respond:

           - Hold on. Yes, got it!
           - I know.....
           - It’s coming back to me now.

•  Respond if you forget:

           - Sorry, I’ve completely forgotten.
           - I’m afraid I forget.
           - I really can’t remember.
           - I’m afraid I have no memory of him
           - Emmm, let me think. No, it’s gone.
           - Sorry, it slipped off my mind.

Example :
       It was Sunday morning, Tia got dressed and had breakfast quickly. She was ready to leave for school. Her mother was a little puzzled.
Father : Hey...hey.... are you going to school?
Tia        : Yes, Dad. I overslept. I’m in a hurry
Father  : You remember Sunday, don’t you?
Tia         : Oh, my goodness. I thought it’s a school day !

Definition of Offering :
1. The act of making an offer.
2. Something, such as stock, that is offered.
3. A presentation made to a deity as an act of religious worship or sacrifice; an oblation.
4. A contribution or gift, especially one made at a religious service.

Offering to older people:

• Would you like a cup of coffee, Mr. Andreas?
• Should I get you a bottle of water?
• Could I offer you a glass of lemonade, Mrs. Agrani?
• Would you care for some salad ?

Offering to friends:

• Want some?
• Have some.
• Chocolate?
• Glass of lemonade?
• Grab some for yourself.
• Would you like to have a pancake?
• Why don’t you have some lemonade?
• What can I get for you?
• What will you have?

Accepting an offer:

• Thank you
• Yes, please
• I’d like it very much
• Thank you, I would
• That would be very nice

Declining an offer:

• No, thanks.
• No, I really won’t. Thank you.
• Not for me, thanks.
• No, thanks. I’m not hungry.

By Delyana

Simple future is used for describing job or action that will happened in the future. Simple future has two different forms in English: “will” and “be going to”.

Positive (+)
a) S + shall/will + V1
Example:
• I shall write a novel.
• They will play football.
• I will go to the market.

b) S + be + going + to + V1
Example:
• I am going to write a novel.
• They are going to play badminton.
• Deli is give a present to me.

Negative (-)
c) S + shall/will + not +V1 + O
Example:
• I shan’t write a novel.
• She won’t clean the room.
• You will not help him later.
• I will not take a nap soon.

d) S + to be + not + going to + V1 + O
Example:
• I am not going to party.
• He is not going to visit his grandparents next month.
• We are not going to clean the classroom.
Interrogative
e) Will + S + V1 + O
Example:
• Will you arrive on time?
• Will they want dinner?
• Will he swim very fast?

f) To be + S + going to + V1
Example:
• Am I going to visit my aunt?
• Are you buying a shirt?
• Is he going to write a novel?

Use of simple Future
1. Use “will” to express a voluntary action
Examples:
• I will send you the information when I get it.
• I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
• Will you help me move this heavy table?

2. Use “will” to express a promise
Examples:
• I will call you when I arrive.
• I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
• I won’t tell anyone your secret.


3. Use “be going to” to express a plan
Examples:
• He is going to spend his vacation in Bandung.
• I’m going to be an actress when I grow up.
• She is not going o spend her holiday in Jakarta.

4. Use “will” or “be going to” to express a prediction
Examples:
• The year 2212 will be a very interesting year.
• The year 2212 is going to be a very interesting year.
• Tukul Arwana will be the next president.

NOUN PHRASES
 

noun is a word that names a person, animal, place, thing, idea, or concept, or anything considered as noun
The Noun examples
• Persons: girl, boy, instructor, student, Mr. Smith, Peter, president
• Animals: dog, cat, shark, hamster, fish, bear, flea
• Places: gym, store, school, Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota, village, Europe
• Things: computer, pen, notebook, mailbox, bush, tree, cornflakes
• Ideas: liberty, panic, attention, knowledge, compassion, worship

The Functions of Nouns in Sentences
1.Subject of the sentence
2.Predicate Noun (also Predicate Nominative or Subjective Complement)
3. Appositive (noun in apposition)
4. Direct object of a verb
5. Indirect object of a verb
6. Object of the preposition
7. Object Complement (Objective Complement)

Gerunds can also be classified as noun
For example:
• I like swimming.
The word ‘swimming’ is a gerund

PHRASES
• A phrase is a group of related words that lacks both a subject and a predicate. Because it lacks a subject and a predicate it cannot act as a sentence.
• A noun phrase consists of a pronoun or noun with any associated modifiers, including adjectives, adjective phrases, and other nouns in the possessive case.
• Like a noun, a noun phrase can act as a subject, as the object of a verb or verbal, as a subject or object complement, or as the object of a preposition, as in the following ...
• Small children often insist that they can do it by themselves.

A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or a group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb.


By Delyana

Finite verb

The finite forms of a verb are the forms where the verb shows tense, person or number. Non-finite verb forms have no person or number, but some types can show tense.

• Finite verb forms include: I go, she goes, he went

• Non-finite verb forms include: to go, going, gone

A finite verb is a verb that is inflected for person and for tense according to the rules and categories of the languages in which it occurs. Finite verbs can form independent clauses, which can stand on their own as complete sentences.
Example of finite verb :
• I study, she cook, Anto went
• Sidy has eaten when Rini come in. By it self, the verb form eaten is called a non-finite verb. When the auxiliary has and the non-finite verb eaten are put together, they make up a finite verb form has eaten.
• Tamara was walking. Walking is non-finite and was is to be. When they are put together, they make up finite form was walking


Definition of non-finite verb :
a verb has no subject, tense, or number. The only finite verb forms are the infinitive (indicated by to), the gerund or the participle (present/past), nonfinite verbs must ordinarily combine with a modal , an auxiliary verb, or the infinitival particle to.


Example of nonfinite verb

Verbs ending in -ing. These are called present participles, they were cooking in Sinta’s house.
This non-finite verb form end in -ed; many also end in en. These are called past participles. I have written my letter ( the past participle written is non-finite and can’t be the main verb).
Talking is the children’s favorite pastime. ( talking is a gerund, verb to be noun)
I can’t afford to go out tonight

The infinitive can have the following forms:

The perfect infinitive
to have + past participle


For example: to have broken, to have seen, to have saved.
This form is most commonly found in Type 3 conditional sentences, using the conditional perfect.

For example:
• If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake.
• Someone must have broken the window and climbed in.
• I would like to have seen the Taj Mahal when I was in India.
• He pretended to have seen the film.
• If I'd seen the ball I would have caught it. 
By : Istiqomah.